The Effect of Whistleblowing Policies on Fraud Detection in Nigerian Public Institutions: A Case Study of EFCC
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Background of the Study
Whistleblowing policies have become a pivotal tool in combating fraud in public institutions. By encouraging employees and stakeholders to report unethical activities, these policies enhance transparency and accountability (Oladipo & Yusuf, 2023). The Economic and Financial Crimes Commission (EFCC), as Nigeria’s leading anti-corruption agency, relies on whistleblowing to uncover and address fraudulent practices.
Despite the establishment of a whistleblowing framework, the effectiveness of such policies in fraud detection remains contested. Issues such as fear of retaliation, inadequate legal protection, and lack of awareness hinder the success of whistleblowing initiatives. This study examines the role of whistleblowing policies in fraud detection within EFCC, emphasizing their impact and challenges.
Statement of the Problem
While whistleblowing policies have the potential to enhance fraud detection, their effectiveness in Nigerian public institutions, including the EFCC, is limited by various factors. Employees often hesitate to report fraud due to fear of victimization or lack of confidence in the system (Adebayo & Ibrahim, 2024).
This study explores the effectiveness of whistleblowing policies in the EFCC and identifies barriers to their successful implementation.
Objectives of the Study
- To evaluate the whistleblowing policies adopted by the EFCC.
- To assess the impact of these policies on fraud detection.
- To identify challenges affecting the effectiveness of whistleblowing in the EFCC.
Research Questions
- What whistleblowing policies are implemented by the EFCC?
- How do these policies impact fraud detection in the EFCC?
- What challenges hinder the success of whistleblowing initiatives?
Research Hypotheses
- Whistleblowing policies significantly improve fraud detection in the EFCC.
- Challenges in whistleblowing implementation reduce its effectiveness.
Scope and Limitations of the Study
The study focuses on whistleblowing policies within the EFCC, examining their role in fraud detection. Limitations include restricted access to whistleblowing case details and respondent confidentiality concerns.
Definitions of Terms
- Whistleblowing: Reporting unethical or illegal activities within an organization.
- Fraud Detection: The process of identifying fraudulent activities within an organization.
- Retaliation: Negative actions taken against individuals for reporting fraud.
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